Acoustic Neuroma

Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors

How common is acoustic neuroma? Acoustic neuromas are uncommon, affecting about 1 in 100,000 people. They are sometimes linked with the genetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), which is characterized by tumors on nerves throughout the body. However, many cases occur independently of genetic factors.

Symptoms of Acoustic Neuroma

Symptoms of acoustic neuroma vary based on the tumor's size and location. Due to the tumor's slow-growing nature, symptoms generally appear in adults, typically after age 30.

Common symptoms include:

• Hearing loss in the affected ear, making it difficult to hear conversations.
• Ringing in the ear (acoustic neuroma tinnitus): Patients often experience persistent or intermittent ringing in the affected ear.
• Vertigo: An abnormal sensation of movement or dizziness, which can cause balance problems.

Less common symptoms include:

• Difficulty understanding speech
• Dizziness or unsteadiness
• Headaches
• Loss of balance
• Numbness in the face or one ear
• Pain in the face or one ear
• Weakness in facial muscles

Diagnostic Signs and Tests

A healthcare provider may suspect an acoustic neuroma based on a patient's medical history and an examination of the nervous system. Often, symptoms can initially resemble other conditions, but there are specific tests that can help confirm the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma.

Common diagnostic signs may include:

• Decreased sensation on one side of the face
• Facial drooping on one side
• Unsteadiness while walking

The most reliable diagnostic tool for detecting an acoustic neuroma is an MRI of the brain. Other tests that may be used to rule out alternative causes of dizziness or hearing loss include:

• Hearing test (audiology): This assesses the degree and type of hearing loss.
• Balance and equilibrium test (electronystagmography): Measures inner ear and brainstem function.
• Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER): Assesses the brainstem's response to sound.

Treatment Options for Acoustic Neuroma

Acoustic neuroma procedures depend on factors like tumor size, location, the patient's age, and overall health. Options range from observation to radiation and surgery. You and your provider will decide the most suitable approach based on these factors.

1. Observation: Many acoustic neuromas are small and grow very slowly, especially in older adults. Small tumors with few symptoms may be regularly monitored with MRI scans.
2. Stereotactic Radiosurgery: Also known as "Gamma Knife" radiosurgery, this acoustic neuroma procedure focuses high-powered x-rays on a small, precise area to control tumor growth. It is especially beneficial for patients who cannot undergo surgery, such as the elderly or those with other health conditions.
3. Surgery: Surgical removal is more often chosen for:
• Larger tumors
• Tumors causing significant symptoms
• Tumors growing rapidly or pressing on the brain

Acoustic neuroma specialists work to remove the tumor while preserving as much nerve function as possible. However, there are risks involved. Surgical removal can impact the surrounding nerves, sometimes resulting in hearing loss or facial muscle weakness, particularly if the tumor is large.

Post-Treatment and Recovery

Recovery and prognosis depend on the treatment method and tumor size. Following surgery, some patients may experience changes in hearing, balance, or facial movement. Specialized therapies, such as vestibular rehabilitation, may help improve balance and manage other post-treatment effects. ENT of Georgia South provides compassionate care and comprehensive guidance to ensure the best possible outcome for patients managing acoustic neuromas.

If you are experiencing symptoms such as hearing loss, tinnitus, or balance difficulties, consult with ENT of Georgia South to discuss options with our experienced acoustic neuroma specialists. Early diagnosis and intervention can make a significant difference in managing this condition effectively.